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# WireGuard VPN Setup on Debian
This guide provides step-by-step instructions for installing and configuring WireGuard on a Debian system.
## Requirements
- Debian-based system (Debian 10+)
- Root or sudo privileges
- A public and private key pair for WireGuard
- A server to connect to
## 1. System Update
Before installing WireGuard, update the system packages:
```bash
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
```
## 2. Install WireGuard
WireGuard can be installed directly from Debian's repositories:
```bash
sudo apt install wireguard -y
```
## 3. Generate Keys
Generate a private and public key for the WireGuard interface:
```bash
wg genkey | tee privatekey | wg pubkey > publickey
```
This command will generate two files:
- `privatekey`: Your WireGuard private key.
- `publickey`: Your WireGuard public key.
## 4. Configure WireGuard
Create a configuration file for the WireGuard interface:
```bash
sudo nano /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf
```
Add the following configuration, replacing the placeholders with the appropriate values:
```ini
[Interface]
PrivateKey = YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY
Address = 10.0.0.1/24 # Local IP address for WireGuard interface
ListenPort = 51820 # Port WireGuard will use
[Peer]
PublicKey = SERVER_PUBLIC_KEY
Endpoint = SERVER_IP:51820
AllowedIPs = 0.0.0.0/0 # Routes through the VPN
PersistentKeepalive = 25 # Maintain connection
```
- **YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY**: The private key from the `privatekey` file.
- **SERVER_PUBLIC_KEY**: The public key of the server (provided by the server).
- **SERVER_IP**: The server’s IP address.
## 5. Start WireGuard
Once the configuration is complete, bring up the WireGuard interface:
```bash
sudo wg-quick up wg0
```
To enable WireGuard at system startup:
```bash
sudo systemctl enable wg-quick@wg0
```
## 6. Verify the Connection
To check if WireGuard is running correctly, use the following command:
```bash
sudo wg
```
This will display the current status of the WireGuard interface and the connected peers.
## 7. Stop WireGuard
To bring down the WireGuard interface:
```bash
sudo wg-quick down wg0
```
## 8. Firewall and Port Forwarding
Ensure that port 51820 (or the port you specified) is open on any firewalls or routers between your system and the server.
## 9. Server-Side Configuration
Ensure that the server has the appropriate WireGuard configuration to allow your client to connect. You will need to add your public key and allowed IP address to the server’s configuration.
---
This README provides instructions for setting up WireGuard on Debian. You may need to adjust some configurations depending on your network setup and requirements.