Actualiser miscellaneous/secure_ssh.sh

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2025-04-02 17:32:28 +02:00
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commit 25abcbb9e4

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#!/bin/bash
# Warning: Before running this script, make sure you have created a user and an SSH key in the authorized_keys file.
# This script is designed to configure the SSH server on a Linux system according to Mozilla's security best practices.
# It enhances the security of SSH connections by enforcing modern encryption standards, disabling insecure protocols, and restricting root access.
# The script backs up the original SSH configuration file, applies a new set of secure settings, and then restarts the SSH service to apply the changes.
# These settings include disabling password authentication, limiting access to strong ciphers and key exchange methods, and enhancing brute-force protection.
# These recommendations are based on Mozilla's guidelines, which can be found here: https://infosec.mozilla.org/guidelines/openssh
# This script configures the SSH server according to Mozilla's best security practices.
# It backs up the original SSH configuration file, generates a new secure configuration file,
# and then restarts the SSH service to apply the changes.
# Usage:
# To run this script, save it as "secure_ssh.sh" and make it executable by running the command: `chmod +x secure_ssh.sh`.
# After that, execute it with root privileges using: `sudo ./secure_ssh.sh`.
# The script will automatically apply the recommended configuration changes and restart the SSH service.
# Check if the script is run as root
if [[ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]]; then
echo "This script must be run as root. Please use sudo to execute it."
exit 1
fi
# 1. Save this script as "secure_ssh.sh".
# 2. Make it executable with: `chmod +x secure_ssh.sh`.
# 3. Run it with root privileges using: `sudo ./secure_ssh.sh`.
# Variables
SSHD_CONFIG="/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
BACKUP_FILE="${SSHD_CONFIG}_$(date +'%Y%m%d_%H%M%S').bak" # Backup with date and time
BACKUP_DIR="/etc/ssh/backup_sshd_config"
DATE_STR=$(date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
SSHD_SERVICE=""
# Backup the old configuration with a timestamp
# Function to validate an IP address
validate_ip() {
local ip=$1
local stat=1
if [[ $ip =~ ^([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}$ ]]; then
OIFS=$IFS
IFS='.'
ip=($ip)
IFS=$OIFS
if [[ ${ip[0]} -le 255 && ${ip[1]} -le 255 && ${ip[2]} -le 255 && ${ip[3]} -le 255 ]]; then
stat=0
fi
fi
return $stat
}
# Function to validate the SSH port
validate_ssh_port() {
local port=$1
local stat=1
if [[ "$port" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] && [[ "$port" -gt 0 && "$port" -le 65535 ]]; then
stat=0
fi
return $stat
}
# Detect the name of the SSH service
detect_sshd_service() {
if systemctl list-units --type=service | grep -q 'sshd'; then
echo "sshd"
elif systemctl list-units --type=service | grep -q 'ssh'; then
echo "ssh"
else
echo ""
fi
}
# Function to restart the SSH service
restart_sshd() {
local service=$1
systemctl restart "$service"
return $?
}
# Create a backup of the SSH configuration file
backup_sshd_config() {
mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"
BACKUP_FILE="${BACKUP_DIR}/sshd_config.${DATE_STR}.bak"
cp "$SSHD_CONFIG" "$BACKUP_FILE"
# Ask user if they want to restrict SSH access to a single IP
read -p "Do you want to restrict SSH access to a single IP? (yes/no): " restrict_ip
if [[ "$restrict_ip" == "yes" ]]; then
read -p "Enter the IP address to allow SSH access: " allowed_ip
allow_users="AllowUsers *@${allowed_ip}"
else
allow_users="# AllowUsers configuration not set"
if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
echo "Error creating backup of the SSH configuration file."
exit 1
fi
echo "SSH configuration backup created: $BACKUP_FILE"
}
# Ask user if they want to change the SSH port
read -p "Do you want to change the SSH port? (yes/no): " change_port
if [[ "$change_port" == "yes" ]]; then
read -p "Enter the new SSH port: " new_port
port_setting="Port $new_port"
# Prompt for the SSH port
prompt_ssh_port() {
while true; do
read -p "Please enter the SSH port (default 22): " SSH_PORT
SSH_PORT=${SSH_PORT:-22}
if validate_ssh_port "$SSH_PORT"; then
echo "SSH port used: $SSH_PORT"
break
else
port_setting="# Port configuration not changed"
echo "Invalid port. The port must be an integer between 1 and 65535."
fi
done
}
# Ask user if they want to use password or key-based authentication
read -p "Do you want to use password or key-based authentication? (password/key): " auth_method
if [[ "$auth_method" == "password" ]]; then
password_auth="PasswordAuthentication yes"
key_auth="# PasswordAuthentication no"
# Prompt to restrict SSH access to specific IP addresses
prompt_allowed_ips() {
read -p "Do you want to restrict SSH access to specific IP addresses? (yes/no): " RESTRICT_ACCESS
ALLOWED_IPS=""
if [[ "$RESTRICT_ACCESS" =~ ^([oO]ui|[yY]es)$ ]]; then
while true; do
read -p "Enter a comma-separated list of allowed IP addresses (e.g. 192.168.1.1,10.0.0.1): " ALLOWED_IPS_INPUT
IFS=',' read -ra IP_ARRAY <<< "$ALLOWED_IPS_INPUT"
VALID=true
ALLOWED_IPS_CLEAN=""
for ip in "${IP_ARRAY[@]}"; do
ip=$(echo "$ip" | xargs) # Remove spaces
if ! validate_ip "$ip"; then
echo "Invalid IP address: $ip"
VALID=false
break
fi
ALLOWED_IPS_CLEAN+="$ip "
done
if $VALID; then
ALLOWED_IPS="${ALLOWED_IPS_CLEAN% }" # Remove trailing space
echo "SSH access allowed from: $ALLOWED_IPS"
break
else
password_auth="# PasswordAuthentication no"
key_auth="PubkeyAuthentication yes"
echo "Please enter valid IP addresses."
fi
done
else
echo "SSH access allowed from all IP addresses."
fi
}
# Modify the sshd_config file
# Generate a new SSH configuration file
generate_new_sshd_config() {
cat <<EOL > "$SSHD_CONFIG"
# Mozilla SSH Security Recommendations
# Secure SSH configuration according to Mozilla's recommendations
# Protocol version
Protocol 2
# Enable only secure ciphers
# Secure ciphers
Ciphers chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes128-ctr
# Enable only secure key exchange algorithms
# Secure key exchange algorithms
KexAlgorithms curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256
# Enable only secure MAC algorithms
# Secure MAC algorithms
MACs hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512
# Authentication method based on user input
$password_auth
$key_auth
# Disable password authentication
PasswordAuthentication no
# Disable old host keys
# Secure host keys (make sure they exist)
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
# Restrict root access
PermitRootLogin no
# Strict connection policy
# Strict login policy
MaxAuthTries 3
LoginGraceTime 30
# Additional security recommendations
# Specified SSH port
Port $SSH_PORT
# Other recommended configurations
PermitEmptyPasswords no
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
UsePAM yes
AllowTcpForwarding no
MaxSessions 2
LogLevel VERBOSE
ClientAliveInterval 300
ClientAliveCountMax 2
X11Forwarding no
# IP restriction based on user input
$allow_users
# SSH port based on user input
$port_setting
# IP address access restrictions (if specified)
EOL
# Restart the SSH service
systemctl restart sshd
if [[ -n "$ALLOWED_IPS" ]]; then
echo "" >> "$SSHD_CONFIG"
echo "# IP address access restriction" >> "$SSHD_CONFIG"
echo "Match Address $(echo "$ALLOWED_IPS" | tr ' ' ',')" >> "$SSHD_CONFIG"
echo " AllowUsers *" >> "$SSHD_CONFIG"
fi
}
echo "SSH configuration has been updated and backed up to $BACKUP_FILE according to Mozilla's security recommendations."
# Test the syntax of the new SSH configuration
test_sshd_config() {
sshd -t
return $?
}
# Detect the SSH service in use
detect_service() {
SSHD_SERVICE=$(detect_sshd_service)
if [[ -z "$SSHD_SERVICE" ]]; then
echo "Error: Unable to detect the SSH service (sshd or ssh)."
exit 1
fi
}
# Main process
main() {
# Detect the SSH service
detect_service
# Backup current configuration
backup_sshd_config
# Prompt for the SSH port
prompt_ssh_port
# Prompt for allowed IP addresses
prompt_allowed_ips
# Generate the new configuration file
generate_new_sshd_config
echo "New SSH configuration file generated."
# Test the syntax of the new configuration
if test_sshd_config; then
echo "The new SSH configuration is valid."
else
echo "Error: The new SSH configuration contains errors. Restoring original configuration."
cp "$BACKUP_FILE" "$SSHD_CONFIG"
restart_sshd "$SSHD_SERVICE"
exit 1
fi
# Restart the SSH service
if restart_sshd "$SSHD_SERVICE"; then
echo "The SSH service has been restarted successfully."
echo "The SSH configuration has been updated according to Mozilla's security recommendations."
else
echo "Error: Failed to restart the SSH service. Restoring original configuration."
cp "$BACKUP_FILE" "$SSHD_CONFIG"
restart_sshd "$SSHD_SERVICE"
exit 1
fi
}
# Execute the main process
main